” – §6, Declaration of Helsinki/Seoul 2008) the practice of clinical research is dominated not by the social value of clinical research but by the impression of individual benefits of the participating research subjects such as: Gaining a better intervention that is more effective, acts
more rapidly, or has fewer side effects than the existing standard intervention Satisfying his or her altruistic feelings of solidarity with other ill people35 Earning money36 or other privileges. Further motivational factors are a feedback about one’s own illness and its status, feeling autonomous and selfdetermined and the wish Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical for other people to have a better understanding of one’s own mental state. Particularly with incompetent patients with mental illness the motivation
of their caregivers and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical guardians is important; this has been shown in research interventions that aim to improve the ill person’s quality of life and/or to lessen the burden for the caregiver.37,38 Risks, burdens, and selleck screening library inconvenience If an individual Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical participates in a necessary and legally required research study for the best of all, of course, this individual must be protected against risks and burdens of the research intervention. A variety of normative regulations prescribes the content, extent, and mode of this protection of research participants against risks. The heading of “risk” Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical comprises: (i) objective threats to the individual proband, eg, undesirable side effects of the intervention; prolongation of suffering or worsening of the disorder due to the withholding of a specific treatment in a placebo-control group; and in a broader sense also dispositions for undesirable effects, eg, pharmacogenetic or allergic dispositions or those that are
related to noncompliant personalities, as well as (ii) subjective burdens and inconvenience, eg, by overly rigorous research procedures or a feared risk such as stigmatization, particularly in depressed patients and drug abusers, which may demotivate potential research participants. Risks and side effects Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of an intervention are objectif iable effects in contrast to burdens and Dichloromethane dehalogenase inconvenience, which are much more of a subjective, individual specific character. Therefore, the researcher should explore specifically or should at least be aware of the research participant’s potential individual sensitivity to both physical and psychic burdens that are specifically related to the intervention. However, risks for society should also be considered, eg, the progression of hitherto untreatable conditions, or if research interventions do not precisely follow the regulatory requirements and thereby lead to incidents and undermine the necessary trust of the public; this mayprolong or even prevent the recruitment of individuals for research interventions that aim lor the gain of needed knowledge.