The mean
(SD) of total CHO intake per day (g) was 246 (92, 95% CI 236 to 255) and 351 (253, 95% CI 326 to 357); total protein intake per day (g) was 57 (74, 95% CI 49 to 64) and 58 (27, 95% CI 55 to 60); and total fat intake (g) per day was 37 (18, 95% CI 35 to 39) and 55 (98, 95% CI 45 to 65), respectively, for T2DM and non-T2DM groups. The mean (SD) of percentage www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html of total energy intake from total CHO was 64.1 (8.2, 95% CI 63.3 to 64.9) and 66.8 (9.1, 95% CI 65.9 to 67.7), from protein was 14.3 (4.4, 95% CI 13.9 to 14.8) and 12.0 (3.2, 95% CI 11.7 to 12.3), and from fats was 21.5 (7.9, 95% CI 20.8 to 22.4) and 21.1 (9.0, 95% CI 20.3 to 22.0), respectively, for T2DM and non-T2DM groups. There was a significant difference between T2DM and non-T2DM groups (Δ 2.7±8.7%, Δ −2.3±3.9%; p≤0.0001) for total energy intake from total CHO and proteins (% energy). There was no significant difference between T2DM and non-T2DM groups (Δ −0.4±8.5%; p=0.0637) for total energy intake from fats (% energy). The region-wise mean percentage of total energy intake from macronutrients
in T2DM and non-T2DM groups is summarised in figures 1 and and2,2, respectively. Among the T2DM group (n=385), 169 (43.9%) patients were vegetarian and 216 (56.1%) were on a mixed diet. Similarly, 194 (47.3%) participants were vegetarian and 215 (52.6%) were on a mixed diet in the non-T2DM group (n=409). Figure 1 Regionwise macronutrient composition in the type-2 diabetes mellitus group (% energy intake). Figure 2 Regionwise macronutrient composition in the non- type-2 diabetes mellitus group (% energy intake). In the T2DM group (n=385), 218 (56.6%) participants were advised a diet plan by their physician. The adherence to a prescribed diet was recorded as a yes or
no outcome by asking participants whether they adhered to the diet plan. We considered this approach as appropriate due to the cross-sectional nature of this survey. From patients with T2DM who were advised a diet plan (n=218), 147 (67.4%) self-reported adherence. The most common reasons for non-adherence (n=71) were not being bothered about the suggested diet plan (48, 67.6%), not liking the advised Brefeldin_A diet (13, 18.3%), lack of support to prepare the advised diet (4, 5.6%) and other reasons not specified (6, 8.4%). The CHO consumption and glycaemic parameters as per the diet plan adherence is depicted in table 5; however, the relationship between this covariate was not analysed further. Table 5 CHO consumption and glycaemic parameters with respect to diet plan adherence in the T2DM group In our study, the mean (SD) HbA1c (%, n=299) was 8.2 (2.0), FBG (mg/dL, n=314) was 148.2 (61.0), and 2 h PPBG (mg/dL, n=309) was 220.0 (90.2) in the T2DM group. For glycaemic control as per the ADA6 criteria, of the 299 participants, 33.1% (n=99) had HbA1c <7%; of the 314 participants, 48.4% (n=152) had FBG between 70 and 130 mg/dL; and of the 309 participants, 37.5% (n=116) had 2 h PPBG <180 mg/dL. This means 66.9%, 51.6% and 62.