All patients were referred to evaluation of their disease, including abdominal and pelvic computerized tomography (CT) scans. Due to inconclusive CT results in four patients, lymphography, gallium scan, and positron emission tomography (PET) scans were done, respectively (Table 1). Response was determined by modified Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria.3 Complete

response (CR) was defined as the disappearance of all clinical, radiographic, and biochemical signs, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical either immediately or within 1 to 4 months after completion of chemotherapy, a gradual shrinking of the abdominal mass to a stable mass less than 3 cm in size, or continuous normal tumor marker levels. Response duration and survival were measured

from the end of chemotherapy. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Table 1. Clinical and Pathological Characteristics. RESULTS Patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. Mean age of patients was 39.5 years (range, 17–66 years), and 18 out of 26 (69%) patients were Jews of European descent, born in Israel. Six patients had a previous history of cryptorchidism, and the relation between the right and left GS-1101 mouse testicle was 15:12. One patient presented with bilateral testicular tumors. The main presenting Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical symptoms were painless testicular enlargement, swelling, and a palpable mass within the affected testicular sac. In seven patients, abdominal and/or pelvic pain appeared simultaneously (Table 1). The mean duration of symptoms before consulting Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical a physician was 1.4 months. Three patients ignored the symptoms for 1, 2, and 4 years, respectively, a fact which did not affect their response and survival chances. Tumor markers were performed in all patients (Table 1). AFP was negative in all patients. Elevated levels of LDH and B-HCG were measured

following every cycle and decreased gradually after orchiectomy, normalizing upon entering complete remission. No further elevation was observed during follow-up. All 26 patients demonstrated typical (classical) seminoma Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (Table 1) with various degrees of invasion and involvement of anatomic structures of the testis. Twenty-one (90%) patients were considered to have pathological pT1 disease. Only three patients had lympho-vascular invasion, and none of them had perineural involvement. Two patients showed spermatic cord invasion (pT3), but T-classification was not a prognostic factor in response assessment. Intratubular GBA3 germ cell neoplasm (IGCN) was found in four patients. All radiological measures, mainly CT scan, exhibited retroperitoneal and/or pelvic lymphadenopathy. Unilateral hydronephrosis was seen in six patients. The Royal Marsden Staging Classification,4 as seen in Table 1 (IIB, 2–5 cm; IIC, more than 5 cm or very bulky disease; IIIA, mediastinal/supraclavicular lymphadenopathy), was implemented. In a few patients, the bulky masses exceeded 9 cm and caused hydronephrosis with moderate to severe abdominal pain.