Naturally oriented proteins can facilitate axonal sprouting and be degraded more efficiently. In this sense the collagen with

a supra-molecular organization extracted from the bovine tendon showed a supra-structural pattern consisting of oriented fibers. In research carried out by Ceballos et al. (1999), a magnetically aligned collagen gel was studied on the inside of a nerve guide, to improve peripheral nerve regeneration. The samples of nerves regenerated with the magnetically Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical aligned gel showed the formation of nerve fascicles and, despite the fact that the number of myelinated fibers was smaller than that of the normal nerve it was possible to note the rapid reabsorption of the collagen implant. By contrast, it was considered that the collagen subjected to different treatments could not be presented in the self-organized form into the oriented helical fibers (Oliveira et al. 2005). However, as a result of specific methods of production, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the collagen with supra-molecular organization used in this work did not present changes in its superstructure, and thus maintained the natural organization of the fibers/bundles Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in its helical arrangement. Supporting the concept that an aligned implant favors peripheral nerve regeneration, Hadlock et al. (2000) used a collagen implant longitudinally oriented by 5-associated channels to introduce Schwann cells using the

tubulization technique. The material was implanted in a 7-mm area (similar to the gap used in the present work) between the stumps of the transected sciatic nerve

of Fisher rats. The axonal regeneration was assessed in the central region of the tube 6 weeks postoperatively and compared with the autograft. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical As a result, the percentage of nerve tissue present in the cross-sectional area of the group with collagen implants with channels was greater than that of the autograft. Interestingly, the Quisinostat datasheet results herein are particularly different in this regard, so that the number of axons found in the AG group was nearly twice as much the TPCL and TPCLF groups. However, ever Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical apart from the greater number of axons, myelin thickness and “g” ratio were better in the collagen implanted group. This indicates that the implant may direct the growing axons more efficiently, decreasing the need of fiber sprouting. This may in turn improve the myelination process, as Schwann cells will associate with less and larger axons. Such hypothesis is also in line with the quantification of p75NTR and laminin immunoreactivity. Using the magnetically aligned collagen gel, Ceballos et al. (1999) analyzed a 60-day regeneration period in mice. The average values obtained for the cross-sectional areas of nerves regenerated with the implant of a magnetically aligned collagen gel, was higher than in the groups with a nonorganized implant.