To identify see more our stimulus-specific ROIs, we utilized the localizer data. To create object-sensitive ROIs, we used the object > scene localizer contrast. Three scene localizer ROIs, created from the scene > object localizer contrast, were also created but only the outcome of analyses utilizing the left PPA seed (center at −24, −43, −2) are reported. The right PPA (center at 21,

−34, −5) and right retrosplenial cortex seeds (center at −21, −52, 19) demonstrated qualitatively similar results to those of the left PPA and are available from the authors by request. Given the extensive activation of the medial temporal lobe in the localizer contrasts (>500 voxels), both peaks and subpeaks of activity within our regions of interest were utilized as central points in the generation of ROI spheres (each with

a 5 mm radius; see Supplemental Information for the peak and subpeak coordinates of effects identified in these contrasts). The seeds were generated such that only active voxels within each sphere for a given contrast were included in the ROI. In the event that any voxels were shared between two generated PD0325901 solubility dmso ROIs, shared voxels were removed from each of the relevant seeds. From the object localizer contrast, we report the outcome of analyses involving two seeds, one in left perirhinal cortex (center at −33, −4, −32) and the other in right perirhinal cortex (center at 33, −7, −29). An additional seed was created around a left hippocampal peak (center at −33, −19, −14) from the object > scene contrast, but given that this seed overlapped with Mephenoxalone the stimulus-general seed, and results arising from its use were roughly identical to those when the stimulus-general seed was employed, we do not report the outcome of general analyses utilizing this seed. See Figure 3A for a depiction of the reported ROIs on the mean anatomical image. Importantly, it should be noted that all ROIs were created from independent data from the conditions that were utilized in the main beta series correlation analyses (see Kriegeskorte et al., 2009). Additionally, given that the ROIs were not created with respect to behavioral performance in the conditions for which the analyses

were conducted (LD object, SD object, LD scene, and SD scene trials), the correlational analysis with behavioral performance reported in the Results section is also not subject to a nonindependence issue. This work was funded by NIMH RO1–MH074692 and Dart Neuroscience to L.D. “
“Wouldn’t it be nice to know what would have happened if you had chosen differently? Imagine driving on a highway toward a traffic jam faced with two choices: bypass the highway or wait in the hold up. Neither of the cases provides information about which decision really yields the better result. On the other hand, when choosing between two lanes in a traffic jam, you will always notice the progress you are making in your lane and the progress you could have been making in the other lane. Both humans (Burke et al.