Results demonstrated that the BP and TR expressed low levels of RLN/RXFP1 and INSL4 through gestation. In accreta, increased RLN gene and protein in BP were associated with antepartum bleeding whereas INSL4 expression decreased throughout the TR. There were no changes in mRNAs

for MMPs, but TIMP-1 was increased only in the invasive TR.”
“Background:

The Wnt signaling pathway is a conserved pathway and plays a crucial role in regulating trophoblast functions. Abnormal expression of the Wnt pathway may result in the dysfunction of the trophoblast that can contribute to the pathogenesis of WH-4-023 mw preeclampsia (PE). However, published data regarding the association between Wnt pathway and PE in human pregnancy is rare.

Objective:

The aims of this study were to investigate the expression pattern of Wnt2 and secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) in the third trimester Palbociclib chemical structure human placenta and to evaluate the relationship between changes in placental Wnt2 and sFRP4 expression and severe PE.

Methods:

The expression of Wnt2 and sFRP4 in normal and severe PE placentas was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot.

Results:

Compared to the controls, the relative expression of Wnt2 messenger RNA was remarkably downregulated in the PE placentas,

while there was no significant difference in sFRP4 between the 2 groups. The IHC indicated that Wnt2 and sFRP4 were expressed predominantly in the villous syncytiotrophoblast and the extravillous trophoblast, whereas Wnt2 in the control group showed higher staining intensity than in the PE group, and sFRP4 in the PE group had a higher staining intensity than in over the control group. Furthermore, the results of the Western blots were consistent with the IHC.

Conclusions:

The Wnt signaling pathway was detected in human third trimester placentas, and the decreased placental expression of Wnt2 and increased placental expression of sFRP4 may be associated

with the pathogenesis of severe PE.”
“The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an in vitro culture (IVC) medium containing either or not -mercaptoethanol (BME), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), or pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) could be able to promote the development of capuchin monkeys’ preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian cortical strips. Follicular viability after IVC was similar to control (89.32%). Primordial follicle recruitment to primary stage was not reached with IVC, but the rate of secondary follicle formation was increased in the medium supplemented with BME, BMP4, and PMSG (44.86%) when compared to IVC control (9.20%). In the medium supplemented with BME, BMP4, and PMSG, contrary to other media, anti-mullerian hormone-messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in ovarian tissue was upregulated (3.4-fold), while that of growth differentiation factor-9 was maintained. The BMP4-mRNA expression, however, appeared downregulated in all cultured tissues.