Logic behavior is reproduced by the action of regulatory factors and chemicals on the promoters and on the ribosome binding sites of biological Boolean gates. Simulations of circuits with up to four inputs show a faithful and unequivocal truth table representation, even under parametric perturbations and stochastic noise. A comparison with already implemented circuits, in addition, reveals the potential for simpler designs with the same function. Therefore, we expect the method to help both in devising new circuits and in simplifying existing solutions.”
“LePRK1

and LePRK2 are two pollen-specific receptor-like kinases from Solanum lycopersicum that are involved in signaling during pollen-pistil communication. Previously, we showed that both proteins interact in pollen and when expressed in yeast. We also showed that pollen tube buy DAPT length was regulated by phosphorylation of specific residues in the juxtamembrane ON-01910 purchase domain of LePRK2. To determine the domains responsible for the interaction between LePRK1 and LePRK2, we constructed a series of deletions, expressed them in yeast and determined their association by co-immunoprecipitation assays. We show that deletions containing extracellular domains of

LePRK1 and LePRK2 were glycosylated in yeast and were sufficient for interaction with the corresponding full-length receptor. The juxtamembrane domain of LePRK1 was sufficient for its interaction with LePRK2, Adriamycin research buy whereas LePRK2 required its kinase domain for interaction with LePRK1. These findings suggest a role for the juxtamembrane domain of LePRK2 in mediating intracellular dimerization and thus receptor kinase phosphorylation.

(C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“The mechanisms contributing to BW gain following ovariohysterectomy in domestic cats are poorly understood. Moreover, the effects of food restriction to maintain BW following spaying have been poorly studied. Thus, our primary objective was to determine the effects of spaying and food restriction to maintain BW on adipose and skeletal muscle mRNA abundance and activity levels in cats. After a 4-wk baseline period (wk 0), 8 adult (approximately 1.5 yr old) domestic shorthair cats were spayed and fed to maintain BW for 12 wk. After 12 wk, cats were fed ad libitum for an additional 12 wk. Body composition was determined, activity levels were measured, and adipose and muscle biopsies were collected at wk 0, 12, and 24. Fasting blood samples were collected at wk 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24. To maintain BW post-spay, food intake was decreased (P < 0.05) by 30%. During this phase, mRNA abundance of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase and leptin was decreased (P < 0.05), representing only 52 and 23% of baseline expression, respectively. Interleukin-6 mRNA, however, was increased (P < 0.05) 2-fold. Physical activity was decreased (P < 0.