A power source with a constant voltage of 1 V was connected in series to the sensor material and the temperature compensating material, and the voltage difference of the selleck chem sensor material (voltage between electrodes AB) was measured as the output of the sensor element using the temperature compensating material.Figure 1.Electrical circuit for the sensor element using the temperature compensating material.3.?Results and Discussion3.1. Optimization of Y concentrationXRD patterns for the thick films fired at 1,373 K are shown in Figure 2. XRD analysis was carried out for thick films on alumina substrates. In the case of CeY20, the analysis was carried out for thick films with Pt electrodes, while for the samples with other concentrations of Y, thick films specially prepared for XRD analysis were used without Pt electrodes.
Figure 2.XRD patterns for thick films with various Y concentrations, fired at 1,373 K. ��CeYx�� indicates a composition of Ce1-x/100Yx/100O2-��. ��s�� indicates the peak from the substrate.All of the XRD peaks in patterns
In view of the growing concerns about Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries issues such as food security, healthcare, evidence-based care, infectious disease, and tailor-made medicine, the development of a portable gene-based point-of-care testing (POCT) system has become an important task. Conventional DNA chips are based Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries on optical detection, whereby the target DNA is labeled with fluorophors and detected by optical laser scanner. This method is, however, problematic in that it requires a technically trained operator and expensive, nonportable equipment.
For a portable gene-based POCT system that anyone can operate anywhere and obtain immediate results, a new biosensor chip must be developed. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Electrical detection using CMOS integrated circuits has great potential since it eliminates the labeling process, achieves high accuracy and real-time detection, and offers the important advantages of low-cost and small-sized equipment. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Several methods have been investigated based on the detection of change in capacitance [1-3], current [4-6], and electric potential [7-10] by molecular interaction. Among them, the detection of electric potential change based on an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) [11] has shown excellent sensitivity for ion concentration [12], penicillin [13], glucose [14], urease [15], neuronal activity [16], extracellular recording [17], specific DNA sequence including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [18-21], and so on.
The operating principle of the ISFET is simple. Specific Anacetrapib molecules are selectively taken into a probe layer on the FET channel, which detects the molecular charge in the probe layer. In the case of DNA detection, the probe is single-stranded (ss) DNA with a known sequence, selleck chemicals immobilized on the substrate. When the target ss-DNA is supplied, hybridization occurs if the target DNA is complementary to the probe DNA.