(A) Urine culture yielding
more than 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of one type of bacteria indicates the pathogen responsible for the infection. (C) CQ201 What is the appropriate way of obtaining samples for cervical cytology? Answer Collect cervical cells with a brush or a spatula. (C) CQ202 How do we manage and treat CIN1/2 (mild to moderate dysplasia)? Answer 1 CIN1 (mild dysplasia) confirmed with biopsy should receive follow-up observation with Pap smear and colposcopy every 6 months. (B) CQ203 What is the indication for further Alectinib solubility dmso testing with colposcopy-directed biopsy after a Pap smear? Answer 1 A Pap smear graded as ASC-US that revealed test results such as the following: CQ204 What is the indication for minimally invasive conization of the cervix procedures, Torin 1 purchase such as loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and laser vaporization? Answer LEEP is conducted as a mean of diagnosis
and treatment when: Laser vaporization is conducted as a mean of treatment when: CQ205 What is the clinical utility of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) test and HPV genotyping? Answer 1 High-risk HPV test (e.g., Hybrid Capture II or AMPLICOR HPV assay) can be used as an adjunct to cytology for cervical cancer screening to improve the accuracy of screening. (C) CQ206 Who should be vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV)? Answer 1 Girls 10–14 years of age are the most highly recommended group. (A) (According to the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare’s emergency policy to promote vaccination, until the end of 2011, Japanese female students from the first year of junior high to the first year of high school (13–16-year-olds) can receive
free HPV vaccination from clinics or health-care institutions receiving contracts from Immune system their respective regional administrative councils.) CQ207 What should vaccine recipients know before receiving the HPV vaccine? Answer 1 The vaccine protects against HPV16 and HPV18 infections. For girls and women not yet sexually active, the vaccine can be expected to provide 60–70% prevention against cervical cancer. (A) CQ208 How should HPV vaccine be administered? Answer 1 A woman’s medical fitness (conditions and circumstances) for vaccination should be assessed with comprehensive pre-vaccination health screening. (A) CQ209 What is the appropriate way of obtaining samples for endometrial cytology, and who are the screening targets? Answer 1 Uterine endometrial samples can be obtained by scraping or by suction. (B) CQ210 How do we diagnose and treat endometrial hyperplasia without atypia? Answer 1 When a Pap test indicates endometrial abnormalities, or when increased endometrial thickness is observed, perform endometrial biopsy for definitive diagnosis. When atypia is suspected, diagnose by performing a total endometrial curettage.