and chronic marijuana (MJ) use The goal of this study was to characterize cerebellar volume in adolescent chronic

MJ users following 1 month of monitored abstinence. Participants were MJ users (n = 16) and controls (n = 16) aged 16-18 years Extensive exclusionary criteria included history of psychiatric or neurologic disorders Drug use history, neuropsychological data, and structural brain scans were collected after 28 days of monitored abstinence click here Trained research staff defined cerebellar volumes (including three cerebellar vermis lobes and both cerebellar hemispheres) on high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images Adolescent MJ users demonstrated significantly larger inferior posterior (lobules VIII-X) vermis volume than controls, above and beyond effects of lifetime alcohol and other drug use, gender, and intracranial volume Larger vermis volumes were associated with poorer executive functioning. Following 1 month of abstinence, adolescent MJ users had significantly Selleckchem VX-661 larger posterior cerebellar vermis volumes than non-using controls These greater volumes are suggested to be pathological based on linkage to poorer executive functioning. Longitudinal studies are

needed to examine typical cerebellar development during adolescence and the influence of marijuana use (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Viral proteins can have multiple effects on host cell biology. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a good example of this. During the virus life cycle, NS1 can act as an antagonist of host type I and III interferon production and signaling, inhibit Navitoclax cost apoptosis, suppress dendritic cell maturation, control protein stability, and regulate transcription of host cell mRNAs, among

other functions. It is likely that NS1 performs these different roles through interactions with multiple host cell proteins. To investigate this and identify cellular proteins that could interact with NS1, we used quantitative proteomics in combination with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-trap immunoprecipitation and bioinformatic analysis. This analysis identified 221 proteins that were potentially part of complexes that could interact with NS1, with many of these associated with transcriptional regulation as part of the mediator complex, cell cycle regulation, and other functions previously assigned to NS1. Specific immunoprecipitation using the GFP trap was used to confirm the ability of selected cellular proteins to interact individually with NS1. Infection of A549 cells with recombinant viruses deficient in the expression of NS1 and overexpression analysis both demonstrated that NS1 was necessary and sufficient for the enrichment of cells in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle.