Assuming a two state model, the observed mean-residue ellipticity at 222 nm ([Θ]obs222) was converted into α-helix fraction (fH) using the method proposed
by Rohl and Baldwin (1998) and previously described ( Konno et al., 2001). The lipid bilayers were obtained from giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), which were positioned onto the chip MK-1775 aperture by application of negative pressure. The GUVs burst as soon as they touch the glass surface of the chip and form a bilayer that spans the aperture (Sondermann et al., 2006). Asolectin (Sigma), a negatively charged mixture of lipids, was used to form artificial membranes. GUVs were formed by electroswelling, using the Nanion Technologies (Munich, Germany) device Vesicle Prep Pro©. 20 μL of 10 mg/mL lipid solution (in chloroform) were deposited onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plate and evaporated for 45–60 min. A nitrile ring was placed around the dried lipid film and filled with 350 μL of 250 mM D-Sorbitol dissolved in Milli-Q water. A second ITO coated glass plate was placed on top of the ring. An AC voltage of 3 V peak-to-peak Stem Cell Compound Library molecular weight amplitude at 5 Hz frequency was supplied to the ITO slides over a
period of 2 h at 36 °C (modified from Sondermann et al., 2006). The formed vesicles were kept in plastic vials under refrigeration (4 °C) until use or used immediately. GUVs suspensions were always observed under light microscope prior to use. The experiments were performed with the automated Patch-Clamp device Port-a-Patch (Nanion Technologies – Munich, Germany), using borosilicate glass chips NPC-1 with aperture
diameter of approximately 1 μm. The resistance of the apertures was approximately 1–3 MΩ in 150 mM HCl solution. Current signals were amplified and recorded by an amplifier EPC-10 (Heka Elektronik, Lambrecht, Etoposide supplier Germany) and an analogical/digital interface ITC-1600. The system was computer controlled by the PatchControl™ software (Nanion) (Fertig et al., 2002 and Sondermann et al., 2006). During the experiments symmetrical solution of 150 mM HCl with 5 mM Tris was used. After a seal was formed (Rm > 500 mΩ), the peptides diluted with Milli-Q water at a 5 μM concentration were added to the cis side of the chip (top) to observe the single channel activity. The volume of peptide solution was never superior to 10% of the solution at the cis side. Voltage pulses were applied at the trans side of the chip (bottom). Usually, single channel activity started approximately 10 min after adding the peptides, as monitored by a constant Vhold of −100 mV. Single channel conductance of incorporated channels was determined under positive and negative voltage pulses. The experiments were performed at room temperature (∼22 °C). The data was analyzed by PatchMaster and Matlab softwares.