“
“Colonic diverticula are common whereas find more but rectal diverticula are very rare, with only sporadic reports in the literature since 1911. Most patients with rectal diverticula are diagnosed incidentally, inflammatory processes may have developed at the time of the diagnosis. We report the case of a 42-year-old woman presenting with a retrorectal mass that was detected incidentally. She was suspected

of having a rectal diverticulum by transrectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, the colonoscopic findings were unremarkable. A rectal diverticulum was confirmed intraoperatively, and a transanal

diverticulectomy was performed. (Gut Liver 2010;4:394-397)”
“Retrotransposons are a major component of eukaryote genomes, being especially abundant in plant genomes. They are frequently found inserted in gene-rich Tubastatin A research buy regions and have greatly contributed to the evolution of gene coding capacity and regulation. Retrotransposon insertions can influence the expression of neighboring genes in many ways, such as modifying their promoter or terminator sequences and altering their epigenetic control. Plant retrotransposons are highly regulated and their expression is usually associated with stress situations. While the control of transcription of some plant retrotransposons has been analyzed in some detail, little is known about the transcriptional termination of these elements. Here we show that the transcripts of the tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1 display a high variability of polyadenylation sites, only a fraction of them terminating at the major termination

site. We also report on the ability of Tnt1 to extend its transcription into flanking genomic sequences and we analyze a particular case in which LY2835219 Tnt1 transcripts include sequences of an oppositely oriented resistance-like gene. The expression of this gene and the neighboring Tnt1 copy generate transcripts overlapping in more that 800 nucleotides, which could anneal and form dsRNAs and enter into silencing regulatory pathways. Resistance gene loci are usually composed of tandem arrays of resistance-like genes, a number of which contain mutations, including retrotransposon insertions, and are considered as to be pseudogenes. Given that plant retrotransposons are usually regulated by stress, the convergent expression of these resistance-like pseudogenes and the interleaving inducible retrotransposons may contribute to the control of plant responses to stress.