Furthermore, when the endoscope is used to create the perforation, the target is not obscured by the shaft of the device used to make the perforation.”
“OBJECTIVE: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is leakage
of CSF from the nasal cavity caused by cranial base or meningeal defects. Surgical treatment of CSF rhinorrhea is still problematic. We SU5402 mouse evaluated the clinical outcomes of 132 consecutive cases of CSF rhinorrhea treated via transcranial or transnasal endoscopic approaches according to the patient’s condition. The indications for the approaches are discussed.
METHODS: Of 132 patients with CSF rhinorrhea, a transnasal endoscopic approach was used in 98 to repair cranial base defects in the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. A transcranial intradural approach was used in the remaining 34 patients for frontal sinus defects, multiple fractures of the cranial base, or combination nerve injury.
RESULTS: CSF rhinorrhea resolved after initial surgery in 124 of 132 patients, giving a success rate of 94%. Of the 8 failures or recurrent cases, 4 were successfully repaired by repeat endoscopic surgery, 2 were cured by transcranial revision surgery, and 2 refused additional surgery (the S63845 condition subsequently resolved without treatment in these
patients). Postoperative complications included intracranial infection (8 patients) and anosmia (1 patient). No neurological deficits were apparent over the 10-month mean follow-up period.
CONCLUSION: Transnasal endoscopic repair is a reliable method for CSF rhinorrhea patients whose fistulae are located in the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. The transcranial procedure should be the treatment of choice for patients with frontal sinus fracture, multiple or complex anterior cranial base fractures, or nerve injury. A satisfactory surgical outcome depends on exact diagnosis, proper operative
approach, and the surgeon’s skill and experience.”
“Bulky DNA adducts are considered a potential biomarker of cancer risk. In this study, the association between various lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors and the levels of bulky DNA adducts in peripheral leukocytes was examined in a study group nested within a population-based prospective Danish cohort. At enrollment, blood samples were collected and information on lifestyle, including dietary and smoking habits, obtained. Previously, bulky DNA adducts were measured in 245 individuals who developed lung cancer and 255 control members of the cohort. Of these 500 individuals, data on 375 individuals were included in this study, excluding 125 cases, which developed lung cancer within the first 3 yr after blood sampling. Bulky DNA adduct levels were measured by 32P-postlabeling technique and polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism and DNA repair genes were determined. Potential predictors of bulky DNA adduct levels were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.