It has been proposed that M. tuberculosis evolved from an environmental progenitor
by horizontal gene transfer (Rosas-Magallanes et al., 2006). A genome project for this sponge-derived M. tuberculosis-related species might conceivably provide an insight into the evolution of M. tuberculosis. We have Rucaparib concentration isolated several different types of mycobacteria including a strain closely related to the M. tuberculosis complex from marine sponges, illustrating their diversity and sponge specificity. The coisolation of the antimycobacterial actinobacterium S. arenicola with mycobacteria from the same specimen of A. queenslandica and demonstration of antagonism by this Salinispora against the sponge mycobacteria suggest that the learn more proposed relationship might be applied as a model to study the microbial interactions within the sponge environment. Research on sponge-associated bacteria in the laboratory of J.A.F. is funded by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage project. Research on A. queenslandica in the laboratory of B.M.D. is supported by grants from ARC. This paper is an output from the Great Barrier Reef Seabed Biodiversity Project, a collaboration between the Australian Institute of
Marine Science (AIMS), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Queensland Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries (QDPIF), and the Queensland Museum (QM); funded by the CRC Reef Research Centre, the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, and the National Oceans Office; and led by R. Pitcher (Principal Investigator, CSIRO), P. Doherty (AIMS), J. Hooper
(QM), and N. Gribble (QDPIF). We also wish to thank the crew of the FRV Gwendoline May (QDPIF) and RV Lady Basten (AIMS). H.I. was supported by the University of Queensland Research Scholarship (UQRS) and University of Queensland International Research Tuition Award (UQIRTA). “
“Bacillus subtilis B38, isolated from soil, showed antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic Candida albicans species. Specific PCR primers Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone) revealed the presence of the bamC gene, which is involved in the biosynthesis of bacillomycin D. Three anti-Candida compounds designated a1, a2 and a3 were purified from culture supernatant and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS as analogues of bacillomycin D-like lipopeptides of 14, 15 and 16 carbon fatty acid long chains, respectively. The compound a3 displayed the strongest fungicidal activity against pathogenic C. albicans strains. It was even more active than amphotericin B with a lethal concentration of 59.07 vs. 135.26 μM of the antimycotic drug against the pathogenic strain C. albicans sp. 311 isolated from finger nail. Only moderate or weak anti-Candida activity was recorded for a1 and a2 compounds. Furthermore, a3 showed the highest hemolytic activity, reaching 50% hemolysis at 22.14 μM, whereas a1 and a2 displayed a limited hemolysis at 68.26 and 37.41 μM, respectively.