Medium-to long-term outcomes have been widely reported, but no la

Medium-to long-term outcomes have been widely reported, but no large multicenter series with long-term follow-up have been published.

METHODS: From 15 participating centers, we performed a

retrospective observational analysis of 4565 consecutive patients harboring 5300 benign meningiomas. All were treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery at least 5 years before assessment for this study. Clinical and imaging data were retrieved from each center and uniformly entered into a database by 1 author (A.S.).

RESULTS: Median tumor volume was 4.8 cm(3), and median dose to tumor margin was 14 Gy. All tumors with imaging follow-up, < 24 months were excluded. Detailed results from 3768 meningiomas (71%) were analyzed. Median imaging follow-up was 63 months. The volume of treated tumors decreased in 2187 lesions (58%), remained unchanged in 1300 lesions (34.5%), Selleckchem AZD2281 and increased in 281 lesions (7.5%), giving a control rate of 92.5%. Only 84 (2.2%) enlarging tumors required further treatment. Five-and 10-year progression-free survival rates were 95.2% and 88.6%, respectively. Tumor control AZD9291 was higher for imaging defined tumors vs grade I meningiomas (P < .001), for female vs male patients (P < .001), for sporadic vs multiple meningiomas (P <

.001), and for skull base vs convexity tumors (P < .001). Permanent morbidity rate was 6.6% at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery is a safe and effective method for treating benign meningiomas

even in the medium to long term.”
“Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that results from the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic islet cells owing to the aggressive effector function of autoreactive T cells. In addition to lifetime supply of exogenous insulin, whole-pancreas or islet transplantation is presently the only alternative therapy for severely ill patients. Here, we discuss the current status of the development RAD001 cell line of cell-based therapies that are based on essentially two options, i.e. replacement of islet cells by islet-like cells derived from embryonic or adult stem cells, and re-establishment of immunological tolerance to islet self-antigens through regulatory T cells and/or tolerance-promoting monocyte-derived cells. A combination of both approaches will be required to turn cell-based therapy of T1D into clinical success.”
“BACKGROUND: The long-termprognosis of cerebellar astrocytomas needs to be reviewed.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the factors influencing tumor recurrence or progression and to determine how long these patient with cerebellar astrocytomas require surveillance with neuroimaging.

METHODS: A retrospective review of 101 children surgically treated for a cerebellar astrocytoma and followed up for > 10 years was performed.

RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18.4 years. Total resection confirmed by postoperative imaging was performed in 51 patients (50.

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