Positively charged polystyrene (PS) spheres were first wrapped with negatively charged graphene upon simple mixing, and became ellipsoids by stretching. Due to their improved continuity, composites based on the ellipsoids and spherical microparticles have lower sheet resistances than those based on spherical nanoparticles. Upon folding and application of pressure, composites

based on the hollow graphene ellipsoids exhibited superior electrical conductivity and structural stability owing to their high mechanical strength and effective electron transport pathway. The ability to control the face-contact structures of graphene in a polymer matrix by means of particle morphology represents an effective strategy for future composite engineering.”
“Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 1-3% of the world’s population. Traditional Chinese medicines AG-120 price have been extensively used for treating psoriasis with promising GSK1838705A clinical results. Celastrol, a triterpenoid isolated from a Chinese herb Celastrus orbiculatus caulis, has been known to have diverse pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory,

anti-cancer and antioxidant activities. The present study aimed at evaluating the anti-proliferative action of celastrol on cultured HaCaT cells and elucidating the mechanisms of action involved. Celastrol was shown to inhibit HaCaT cells growth with an IC(50) value of 1.1 mu M as measured by MTT assay. The ability of celastrol to induce apoptosis was studied by flow cytometric and western blot analyses.

Celastrol was found to be capable of inducing apoptosis in HaCaT cells as characterized by phosphatidyl-serine (PS) externalization, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-3. SB202190 inhibitor The apoptosis induced by celastrol could be suppressed by Z-IETD-FMK and Z-LEHD-FMK, the respective caspase-8 and caspase-9 inhibitor. In addition, western blot analysis revealed a significant augmentation in the protein expression of Bax and attenuation in Bcl-2, suggesting that the celastrol-induced apoptosis acts through both death receptor and mitochondrial pathways. Moreover, western blot analysis on the expression of Rel/NF-kappa B demonstrated that the celastrol-mediated apoptosis on HaCaT cells was associated with the inhibition of the NF-kappa B pathway. Taken together, the present project has for the first time identified celastrol as a naturally occurring compound with potent apoptogenic action on cultured human keratinocytes, rendering it a promising candidate for further development into an anti-psoriatic agent. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.