Successful applications of 3-D FE model in hydroelastic analysis based on modal approach are found in the recent papers (Hirdaris et al., 2003, Malenica and Tuitman, 2008 and Iijima et al., 2008). Recently, 3-D FEM is directly coupled with 3-D Rankine panel method

in time domain by Kim et al. (2013). In the fluid domain, meanwhile, various numerical models have been proposed. For example, a second-order strip, a 3-D potential theory with a weakly nonlinear approach, and a Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) Cobimetinib cell line model have been applied to springing analysis (Jensen and Dogliani, 1996 and Oberhagemann and Moctar, 2011). The significant trend is to consider nonlinear excitation due to the fact that nonlinear springing can be important as well as linear springing. A body nonlinearity Natural Product Library high throughput may be one of the significant sources of nonlinear springing. Up to now, the 3-D potential theory with the weakly nonlinear approach is thought

to be the most practical method for the fluid domain. In the future, nonlinear free surface body interactions should be solved for nonlinear springing analysis (Shao and Faltinsen, 2010). For consideration of slamming loads, 2-D methods are commonly used because 3-D method requires complicated treatment and heavy computational burden compared to the linear panel method of 3-D potential flow. This paper presents three different structure models, which are combined with the B-spline 3-D Rankine panel method. Many WISH program families are based on the method (Kim et al., 2011).

The three models are (1) the beam theory model, (2) the modified beam model based on the 3-D FE model, and (3) the 3-D FE model. Characteristics of the models are discussed regarding the results for a 60 m barge, a 6500 TEU containership, and an experimental model of a virtual 10,000 TEU containership. A similar study is found in the work of Hirdaris et al. (2003). However, the present study couples fluid and structure models in the time domain and also simulates nonlinear springing and whipping.t The fluid motion surrounding a ship structure is solved by a numerical method based on a 3-D potential theory. The method in this study follows the works of Nakos (1990), Kring (1994) and Kim and Kim (2008). Let us consider a Cartesian coordinate system with its origin on mean water level as shown http://www.selleck.co.jp/products/wnt-c59-c59.html in Fig. 1. It moves with the advance of the ship with forward speed along the x  -axis. The origin is located on the mass center projected on the water plane. The irrotational flow of inviscid and incompressible fluid is assumed, and the governing equation of the fluid motion reduces to the Laplace equation. The set of the boundary value problem is expressed as equation(1) ∇2ϕ=0inΩF equation(2) ∂ϕ∂n=U→⋅n→+∂u→∂t⋅n→onSB equation(3) [ddt+∇ϕ⋅∇][z−ζ(x,y,t)]=0onz=ζ(x,y,t) equation(4) dϕdt=−gζ−12∇ϕ⋅∇ϕonz=ζ(x,y,t)where d/dt=∂/∂t−U→⋅∇ is Galilean transformation. In order to linearize the boundary conditions of Eqs.