The target agent rilotumumab is currently being evaluated in pati

The target agent rilotumumab is currently being evaluated in patients with advanced GC overexpressing the HGF/c-MET signaling pathway. In the near future, ipilimumab and nivolumab, two immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies with antineoplastic effects, might offer new therapeutic options for patients with advanced GC. In 2014, Helicobacter pylori infection is still one of the world’s most prevalent infections and continues to Selleckchem Poziotinib represent the major risk factor for gastric cancer (GC), which accounts annually for at least 738,000 deaths [1]. Despite many efforts, an overall survival of

more than 5 years remains poor. During the past year, new epidemiologic data have been gained concerning GC. Different prospective and retrospective studies investigated the role of H. pylori eradication for prevention of metachronous lesions after endoscopic resection of early GC. For patients with advanced GC, new treatment options for second-line palliative therapy have emerged. Furthermore, on-going trials are evaluating the safety and efficacy of new target molecules and immunotherapies. This review summarizes recent epidemiologic aspects and clinical

advances in the field of H. pylori and GC published between April 2013 and March 2014. GC remains the third leading cause of death from cancer worldwide, following lung and liver cancer [2]. A declining incidence of GC has been registered over the past sixty years. However, recent epidemiologic Branched chain aminotransferase data show that the incidence of noncardia GC in DMXAA cost younger age groups (<50 years) remains constant or is even on the rise again in the United States since 1977, whereas in Asia the incidence of cardia cancer has increased over the past decades. In their study, Holster et al. [3] analyzed the GC incidence trends by age, sex, subsite and stage in the Netherlands from 1973 to until 2011. This study

included 9093 patients from a population-based cancer registry. Comparable to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of noncardia GC in the Netherlands was declining annually by 3.5% (95% CI −3.8; −3.3). In contrast to the US, the incidence in the age group <60 years has remained stable since 2006 and has shown a tendency to rise in the age group >74 years. These trends pertained to corpus cancers. Possible explanations for the unfavorable breaks in males <60 and >74 years (that do not reflect a birth-cohort specific decline in H. pylori acquisition) are 1, improved life expectancy; 2, a decrease in cardiovascular causes of death; 3, improved diagnostic modalities; 4, severely affected life conditions during adolescence, often with poorer hygiene and thus increased risk of H. pylori acquisition, as well as poor nutritional status around World War II.

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