Using the kinetic model to predict the cyclic resolution, R-diol with high ee value was obtained by controlling the conversion rate. Subsequently, the unwanted R-diol was inverted to S-citalopram by stereoinversion of chiral quaternary center with 98.0 IACS-10759 molecular weight % yield and ee value of 91.0 %. Based on dynamic simulation and experiments, the kinetic resolution was scaled up from 10 mL to 1 L and 14 L, gradually. There was no significant scale-up effect and the dynamic simulation result fitted the experimental data well, with an error of 12.5 and 14.0 %, respectively.
This chemo-enzymatic synthesis route is a promising model system for the production of pharmaceuticals with the chiral tertiary alcohols intermediate.”
“Background GSK2118436 MAPK inhibitor Relief of symptoms should be the primary focus of palliative treatment as defined by the World Health Organization. Evaluating the effectiveness of palliative interventions should incorporate this goal and include quality
of life (QOL) outcome assessments. A systematic review of the surgical gastric cancer literature was performed to summarize the effectiveness of palliative surgical interventions in addressing QOL.
Methods An electronic literature search of EMBASE, Medline, and the Cochrane Database of Controlled Trials was performed from January 1, 1985 to December 1, 2009. English language abstracts and articles were reviewed independently by two reviewers. A systematic approach to data abstraction and presentation was followed.
Results No articles were identified as reporting true QOL outcomes using reliable, validated QOL instruments in surgically managed, advanced gastric cancer patients. Nine articles were identified as reporting outcomes measuring effectiveness of palliation. Commonly reported pre-procedure symptoms
were weight loss, abdominal pain, vomiting, obstruction, and bleeding. Time to oral intake was reported in 5 of 9 studies, ranging from a mean of 2.9 days (laparoscopic LGK-974 gastrojejunostomy) to 8 days (surgical bypass). Length of postoperative inpatient stay ranged from a mean of 7 days (gastrojejunostomy) to 28 days (surgical bypass). Other measures of effective palliation included measures of clinical success, hospital readmission rates, and post-procedure analgesic intake.
Conclusion A paucity of literature exists regarding the QOL of surgically managed gastric cancer patients. Prospectively designed studies using credible QOL measures are necessary to better inform the treatment decision-making process for these patients.”
“Goniodysgenesis, malformation of the filtration angle, was observed in a New Zealand white rabbit supplied with 100 g/day rabbit chow containing 0.2% cholesterol for 10 months. Histopathology revealed cupping of the optic disc, atrophy of the retina and hyalinization of the ciliary body in the bilateral eyeballs.