81; BIS-Att 0.70; BIS-Mot 0.65; and BIS-NP 0.60: Stanford et al., 2009). Compared with normative values of the BIS-11 (Stanford et al., 2009), the population mean of BIS-11 scores was high��just less than 1 SD above normative scores. Table 1. Dependent Measures Obtained From Smokers, Assessing Age, Time Smoking, Impulsivity (BIS-11), Measures of Nicotine JQ1 msds Dependence (CDS-5 and DSM), Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day (Number), and Illicit Drug Use (ASMA) Association of BIS-11 With Measures of Dependence We observed modest correlations between BIS-11 total score and its subscales with the measures of tobacco use, dependence and craving, and illegal drug use (Table 2). Although these were generally positive, only a small number reached a Bonferroni-corrected significance level of 0.0025.

It was not the case that the relationship between smoking and impulsivity was determined by illegal drug use: A sub group of participants scoring 0 or 1 on the ASMA scale (n = 174) showed similar levels of associations between BIS-11 Total impulsivity score and measures of nicotine dependence. Table 2. Measures of Association (Spearman��s �� and accompanying p values) Between BIS-11 Impulsivity Scales and Measures of Nicotine Dependence (CDS-5 and DSM), Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day (Number), Days Smoking Per Week (Days), and Illicit … Association of BIS-11 With DSM Symptoms Consistent with our hypotheses, presence of both DSM5 and DSM7 symptoms was predicted by variation in total BIS-11 scores using logistic regression. Higher total BIS-11 scores led to an increased likelihood of endorsing the DSM5 (odds ratio [OR[ = 1.

030, 95% CI = 1.010�C1.051, df = 1, p = .0035) and DSM7 symptom (OR = 1.029, 95% CI = 1.005�C1.053, df = 1, p = .016). Of the three BIS-11 subscales, the DSM5 symptom was predicted by the motor subscale (OR = 1.098, 95% CI = 1.048�C1.15, df = 1, p < .001) but not the other two subscales. Similarly, the DSM7 symptom was predicted by motor (OR = 1.058, 95% CI = 1.003�C1.12, df = 1, p = .038) and non-planning impulsivity (OR = 1.050, 95% CI = 1.00�C1.10, df = 1, p = .047). None of the associations between total BIS-11 scores and other DSM symptoms reached significance at an alpha level of .05 (Figure 1). Figure 1. Odds ratios (ORs), which reflect the magnitude of the effect of BIS total score on likelihood of endorsement of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) symptom, are displayed.

ORs are ordered by their magnitude, and stars represent significant regression … Discussion In the present study, we sought more clearly to characterize the association between impulsivity and drug use in a large group of individuals with varying levels of tobacco usage recruited from a predominantly student population. First, the population showed a very high level Carfilzomib of impulsivity as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11: Patton et al., 1995; Stanford et al.