Developing clinical practices are highlighted and future research directions are proposed with goals to provide insight on what the next steps are for this burgeoning discipline.”
“Much of the decline in stroke incidence and mortality for the past several decades in Western countries has been attributed to better treatment of risk factors. Many epidemiological studies and clinical trials confirmed MK-1775 the importance

of managing hypertension. Comparative trials of anti-hypertensive drugs or drug classes have not yielded clear results, but blood pressure variability may play an important role beyond the absolute value of blood pressure. Diabetes therapy remains a conundrum. Although diabetes is clearly a risk factor for ischemic stroke, treatment trials targeting different glycemic goals have not indicated that glucose lowering results in stroke prevention. Trials focused on insulin resistance are ongoing and they may be able to help establish A-1331852 molecular weight the management of diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance. Evidence for treatment of dyslipidemia has contrasted science to diabetes mellitus. Dyslipidemia has not been strongly or consistently linked to ischemic stroke but the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial showed the impact of statin

treatment in stroke prevention. The results of clinical trials investigating dabigatran and rivaroxaban clearly indicate alternative strategies to vitamin K antagonists in stroke prevention for persons with atrial fibrillation. Methane monooxygenase Evidence for stroke prevention by life style modification, treating metabolic syndrome, sleep disordered breathing, lipoprotein (a), hyperhomocysteinemia, and coagulation disorders are also discussed.”
“Background: Endovascular repair of complex aortic aneurysms (CAAs) can be performed

in high-risk individuals, yet is still associated with significant morbidity, including spinal cord ischemia, cardiac complications, and death. This analysis was undertaken to better define the cardiac risk for CAA.

Methods: A prospective database of patients undergoing thoracoabdominal or juxtarenal aortic aneurysm repair with branched and fenestrated endografts was used to retrospectively determine the number of cardiac events, defined as myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation (AF), and ventricular arrhythmia (VA), that occurred days of surgery. Postoperative serial troponin measurements were performed in 266 patients. Any additional available cardiac information, including preoperative echocardiography, physiologic stress tests, and history of cardiac disease, was obtained from medical records. The efficacy of preoperative stress testing and the association of various echo parameters were evaluated in the context of cardiac outcomes using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.