This information is useful for clinicians in choosing suitable drug regimens for treating TB patients. This study also indicated that the automatic addition of PZA in the treatment regimen of MDR-TB patients would have less benefit in Thailand and would increase the risk

of https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bb-94.html XDR-TB development or render treatment ineffective. Therefore, PZA susceptibility testing in MDR-TB patients should be performed before starting or adjusting treatment regimens. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Molecular Mycology and Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research Fund, Siriraj Foundation, under the Patronage to Pass HRH Princess Galyani Vadhana Krom Luang Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra, Department of Microbiology, Faculty Ganetespib mouse of Medicine Siriraj Hospital for supporting essential facilities in pyrazinamide susceptibility by the BACTEC MGIT 960

PZA system and all staff members for their help. JJ was financially supported by the Siriraj Graduate Scholarship. AC was supported by the Chalermphrakiat Grant, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. The study was funded by the Siriraj Graduate Thesis Scholarship, Siriraj Grant for Research and Development, and Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Fund, Siriraj Foundation, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine SHP099 Siriraj Hospital. The study was approved by the Siriraj Ethics Committee, Mahidol University. None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare. References 1. World Health Organization: WHO Report. Geneva. 2009. 2. Vermund SH, Yamamoto N: Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis in Asia. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007,87(Suppl 1):S18–25.CrossRef 3. Verma JK, Nateniyom S, Akksilp S, Mankatittham W, Sirinak C, Sattayawuthipong W, Burapat C, Kittikraisak W, Monkongdee P, Cain KP, Wells CD, Tappero JW: HIV care and treatment factors associated with improved survival TB treatment in Thailand: an observational study. BMC Infect Dis 2009, 9:42–50.CrossRef 4. Cain KP, Anekthananon T, Burapat C, Akksilp S, Mankhatitham W, Sirinak C, Nateniyom S, Sattayawuthipong

Lepirudin W, Tasaneeyapan T, Varma JK: Cause of death in HIV-infected persons who have tuberculosis, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 2009, 15:258–264.PubMedCrossRef 5. Mankatittham W, Likanonsakul S, Thawornwan U, Kongsanan P, Kittikraisak W, Burapat C, Akksilp S, Sattayawuthipong W, Srinak C, Nateniyom S, Tasaneeyapan T, Verma JK: Characteristics of HIV-infected tuberculosis patients in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2009, 40:93–103.PubMed 6. Zhang Y, Permar S, Sun Z: Conditions that may affect the results of susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to pyrazinamide. J Med Microbiol 2002, 51:42–9.PubMed 7. Zhang Y, Mitchison D: The curious characteristics of pyrazinamide: a review. Int J Tuberc Lung 2003, 7:6–21. 8.