History and physical examination of the head, eyes, ears, nose, throat, neck, and neurologic system guide subsequent evaluation. Almost all patients with tinnitus should undergo audiometry with tympanometry, and some patients require neuroimaging or assessment selleck products of vestibular function with electronystagmography. Supportive counseling should begin during the initial evaluation to help

patients cope with tinnitus. Counseling may also improve the chances of successful subsequent treatment. (Copyright (C) 2014 American Academy of Family Physicians.)”
“The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the type of service provided by assisted reproduction clinics. The activities, treatment patterns and results achieved by assisted reproduction centres in Spain were examined, comparing public and private clinics. A retrospective study was carried out using the Assisted Reproductive Technology Register of the Spanish Fertility Society for 2002-2004. The results showed that 74%, 96% and 99% of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection,

oocyte donation and preimplantation genetic diagnosis cycles, respectively, https://www.selleckchem.com/products/idasanutlin-rg-7388.html were carried Out in the private sector. Public clinics performed proportionally more transfers of three embryos than the private clinics (48.1% versus 41.7%). More elective transfers were performed in private clinics. Pregnancy rates per cycle started, per puncture and per transfer were significantly higher among private than public clinics (29.1%, 32.7% and 35.9% versus 25.2%, 28.5% and 32.6%, respectively) (P<0.05). Implantation rate has risen year oil year in both types of clinic Sapanisertib order and was significantly higher (P < 0.05), every year, among the private clinics. The multiple-pregnancy rate was significantly higher among the private clinics (30.8% versus 26.4%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, differences exist between public and private clinics as regards to their Volume Of activity, the range of services offered, clinical practice and results achieved.”
“Objective

The aim of this study was to analyse whether

the polymorphisms of several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may influence the susceptibility to predominantly oral Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) in a Northern Italian population.

Material and Methods

DNA was obtained from 41 MMP patients (29 with exclusively oral pemphigoid [OP]) and 140 unrelated bone marrow donors. Thirteen cytokine genes with 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were studied by a sequence-specific PCR assay.

Results

There was no significant difference between the patients taken together and healthy controls for any cytokine gene polymorphism studied. However, the allele A of the IL-4 receptor A (IL-4RA) was significantly more frequent in OP than controls (P<0.05), causing an increased frequency of genotype A/A in OP patients (89.7 vs 67.9, odds ratio: 4.11, 95% confidence intervals 1.18-14.28, P=0.023, Pc=0.046).

6 +/- 0.2 ng/mL vs. 14.5 +/- 3.7 ng/mL), and a much longer half-life (80.8 +/- 22.7 h vs. 9.6 +/- 3.6 h). Betamethasone i.m. produced rapid onset and sustained action through an initial rapid-increased plasma concentration of BOH and a sustained plasma concentration of B17P, respectively.”
“Objectives: Many studies confirmed the disappearance

Go 6983 solubility dmso of otoacoustic emissions in some of the patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, yet the data about the incidence rate of such disappearance is scanty or even absent. This study aims to test the persistence of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder over few years.

Methods: The study group consisted of 77 subjects (31 females and 46 males). Their ages ranged from 4 to 9 years (5.5 +/- 1.5). All the subjects were previously diagnosed to have Selleck KPT-8602 auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder affecting both ears. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions test results of the recent follow up sessions were compared with their initial diagnostic evaluation sessions done 3-6 years ago (3.7 +/- 0.8), in order to test the persistence of the

emissions and the reduction of emissions level.

Results: The transient evoked otoacoustic emissions level was reduced in the follow up visit compared to the initial study group. The transient evoked otoacoustic emissions level showed insignificant reduction (less than 3 dB) in 77.3% of the ears in the

study group, and significant reduction (i.e. 3 dB or more) in 20.8%, and was absent in 1.9%. The transient evoked otoacoustic emissions level reduction in the different study subgroups was homogenous; gender (males versus females) laterality (right versus left ears) incubated to neonatal intensive care unit versus those non incubated all showed no significant differences in transient evoked otoacoustic emissions level reduction. Moreover, the duration of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder was not correlated to the degree of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions reduction. Those fitted with hearing aids had more reduction in their transient evoked otoacoustic emissions level compared with those not fitted with hearing aids.

Conclusions:

(1) Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions was still detected in 98.1% Proteasome function of patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder few years after the diagnosis.

(2) Those fitted with hearing aids showed the most pronounced reduction in transient evoked otoacoustic emissions level. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Children with an atopic predisposition are presumed to have persistent Th2 dominance and thus develop allergic diseases.

Methods: A total of 45 children who fell to atopic dermatitis and/or intermittent asthma or mild persistent asthma between 2002 and 2007 were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed.

002), and contrast medium volume (P < .001) for the sample patients compared with those for the control patients. Overall radiation dose was reduced from a mean

of 11 044 mu Gy per square meter to a mean of 4172.5 mu Gy per square meter. Fluoroscopy time was reduced from a mean of 15 minutes 30 seconds to 8 minutes 49 seconds. Contrast medium volume was reduced from a mean of 135 mL to 75 mL.

Conclusion: Preprocedural prediction of the best tube angle obliquity for visualization of the origin of the uterine artery by using 3D-reconstructed contrast-enhanced MR angiography results in significant reductions in radiation dose, fluoroscopy time, and contrast medium volume during UAE. (C) RSNA, 2009″
“ObjectiveThe results of studies concerning levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescent children with a parent suffering from cancer as compared with selleckchem control groups or normative data are contradictory so far. Longitudinal designs using control groups are rare. No study explicitly exploring a broad range of risk behaviors in adolescent children with a parent suffering from cancer exists to date.

MethodsTherefore, 74 adolescents who have a parent

with cancer (index group) were compared with 75 adolescents with healthy parents (control group) concerning several juvenile risk behaviors and externalizing behaviors. Participants were examined three times over the course of 12months.

ResultsNo significant main effects for Vorinostat manufacturer group or interactional effects of group with time could be found for any of the measured variables.

ConclusionsResults suggest that the somatic illness of the parent is not a developmental risk that is expressed in increased levels

of juvenile risk behavior. Adolescents with a parent suffering from cancer adjusted generally quite well to the parental illness, although some individuals did show signs of severe strain. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“We present the results of a systematic investigation of the thickness dependence of ultra-thin Co films on Cu(311) at room temperature using low energy electron diffraction and the magneto-optical Kerr effect. A superparamagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition was observed to occur at a critical selleck screening library thickness of d(c)=4.0 +/- 0.25 ML and the magnetic susceptibility was to follow a power law with a critical exponent gamma=1.103 +/- 0.069, in stark disagreement with results for Co on other Cu surfaces. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3360341]“
“This study examined the role of biological processes in the development of specific neuropsychiatric complications in HAART-naive adults with HIV/AIDS. Depressive symptoms were modestly associated with elevated IL-6 mRNA expression (r(s) = 0.40, p < 0.05) even after removing the influences of other subjective complaints (pr = 0.39, p < 0.05). Elevated serum neopterin was strongly associated with depressive symptoms in individuals taking antidepressants (r(s) = 0.

91-0.99. The proposed control strategy based on these ANN models effectively controls the Fenton process for various effluent colour targets. For treating the RB49 synthetic wastewater

to meet the effluent colour targets of 550 and 1500 ADMI units, the required Fe(+2) doses were 13.0-84.3 and 5.5-34.6 mg L(-1) (Fe(+2)/H(2)O(2)= 3.0), resulting in average effluent colour values of 520 and 1494 units. On the other hand, an effluent colour target of 550 ADMI units was achieved for RBB synthetic wastewater. The required Fe(+2) doses were 14.6-128.0 mg L(-1); the average effluent colour values were 520 buy Nocodazole units.

CONCLUSION: The Fenton process for textile wastewater treatment was effectively controlled using a control strategy applying the ANN models and ORP monitoring, giving the benefit of chemical cost savings. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry”
“BACKGROUND: This study was aimed at investigating the recrystallization of magadiite into offretite in the presence of tetra methylammonium cations (TMA). The offretite was characterized by X-ray powder click here diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, N(2) adsorption analysis, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The influence of key

reaction parameters on the formation of offretite, including reaction time, TMA cations, potassium cations and the SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) reactant ratio, were examined.

RESULTS: Well-crystallized offretite, which was composed of agglomerated samples,

was prepared from a dispersion with the molar composition: 3.6 K(2)O: 3.6 Na(2)O: 1.0 Al(2)O(3): 6.5 SiO(2): 320 H(2)O: 1.5 TMA(+) by heating at 140 degrees C for 3 days. The structure of offretite collapsed when the temperature rose above 1000 degrees C. The organic template was removed when the sample was calcined at 550 degrees C for 10 h.

CONCLUSION: Magadiite has been used to synthesize offretite with a high purity and well crystallized in the presence of tetramethylammonium cations. The results of the present study indicate the feasibility of a synthetic route to offretite through recrystallization of magadiite in the presence of tetramethylammonium cations. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Objective: To investigate the role Selleckchem MK1775 of fluorescein angiography (FA) in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm newborns. Methods: An observational case series of 13 extremely low birth weight infants. From September 2009 to March 2010, 13 newborn infants with a gestational age <29 weeks end/or birth weight <1000 g underwent serial fluorescein angiography with RetCam (Clarity, Pleasanton, CA) every 2 weeks. The fluorescein angiograms were examined to optimize the timing of diagnosis of ROP and to investigate development of retinal and choroidal vascularization. Results: There were no side effects related to FA.

015mL of the sample. Samples were placed on the upper back of participants, and closed for 4, 24 or 48h. A patch application time of 24h is sufficient to detect primary skin irritation from irritants in cosmetics and other common household products. In addition, we found that skin irritation reactions were strongest at 24h after patch removal and that the reaction tended to be weaker at 48h after patch removal. Patch testing to evaluate irritants should be performed by means of a 24-h patch test with a follow-up reading at 24h after

patch removal. An application time of 24h places less of a burden on patients than a 48-h patch test.”
“BACKGROUND: Hydrothermal processes Go 6983 nmr are an eco-friendly processes that provide an interesting alternative for chemical utilization of lignocellulosic materials, in which water and crop residues are the only reagents. In this work the effect of process conditions (size distribution of the wheat straw, temperature and time) was evaluated against production of fermentable products.

RESULTS: The use of milled wheat straw fractions as a raw material containing blends of different particle size distribution showed

that the latter had an influence on the final sugars in the hydrolysate. Improved values of glucose (21.1%) and xylose yields (49.32%) present in the hydrolysate were obtained with treatment severity factors of 2.77 and 3.36, respectively. Mathematical models were developed aimed at establishing the effect of process conditions on monosaccharide concentration and its degradation in the liquor.

CONCLUSION: This work shows that the use of wheat straw blends CP-673451 in vitro with various

particle sizes has a significant effect on the extraction of fermentable products. The effect of treatment severity, which takes into account both processing time and temperature was also evaluated. These results are of importance for process design. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Personality and emotional factors are supposed to influence the course of skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Few reports exist, however, showing distinct personality traits among patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis patients click here and healthy controls. The aim of the present study was to examine personality differences among psoriasis patients, atopic dermatitis patients and healthy controls in Japan. A total number of 51 psoriasis patients, 97 atopic dermatitis patients and 48 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Questionnaires of YatabeGuilford Personality Inventory were administered individually. These groups were evaluated by 12 dimensions of temperaments. According to the dimension scores, personality was defined as five groups. Atopic dermatitis patients showed significantly higher scores regarding temperaments of depression, feelings of inferiority, nervousness and lack of objectivity than psoriasis patients.

“
“We present 13 C high-resolution magic-angle-turning (MAT) and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance data of Cs and Rb intercalated single walled carbon nanotubes. We find two distinct phases at different intercalation levels. A simple charge transfer is applicable at low intercalation level. The new phase at high intercalation level is accompanied by a hybridization of alkali (s) orbitals with the carbon (sp2) orbitals of the single walled nanotubes,

which indicate bundle surface sites is the most probable alkali site. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3631052]“
“Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA was detected in 7 (1.3%) of 526 respiratory tract samples from patients in Australia with upper or lower selleck inhibitor respiratory learn more tract symptoms. Partial T antigen and major capsid protein sequences of MCPyV identified in respiratory secretions showed high homology (99%-100%) to those found in Merkel cell carcinoma.”
“In

this study, saline water was used as a preintercalating agent for pristine clay surface to assist clay dispersion in one-step melt state process. The solution contains dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride salt in distilled water and was injected into the twin-screw extruder using a high pressure dosing pump. To investigate the effect of dissolution of alkyl salt on clay dispersion, two samples with the same compositions were prepared through both

salt solution and pure water injection which was compared with organo-modified prepared sample. The resultant compounds were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic rheological measurements (RMS). Tensile and notched-Izod impact properties of the samples were measured as well. The XRD results showed no peak for Selleckchem NCT-501 the sample containing 2 wt % pristine clay, prepared via injection of salt solution representing exfoliated microstructure. In addition, TEM images showed proper dispersion and distribution of clay platelets in the matrix. Furthermore, RMS results showed that the slop of the storage modulus has been declined and for the sample using saline, the variation was prominent as a result of network structure formation. Tensile results also showed an increase of tensile modulus in the range of about 22% for the sample containing 2 wt % clay. Izod impact strength in the sample prepared via injection of salt solution showed fracture energy comparable to neat polyethylene. Additionally, the crystallization data in terms of degree of crystallinity, melting, and crystallization temperatures of samples represented no noticeable change compared to neat polyethylene. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

“
“First-principles electronic structure methods are used to predict the rate of n-type carrier

scattering due to phonons in highly-strained Ge. We show that strains achievable in nanoscale structures, where Ge becomes a direct bandgap semiconductor, cause the phonon-limited mobility to be enhanced by hundreds of times that of unstrained Ge, and over a thousand MEK phosphorylation times that of Si. This makes highly tensile strained Ge a most promising material for the construction of channels in CMOS devices, as well as for Si-based photonic applications. Biaxial (001) strain achieves mobility enhancements of 100 to 1000 with strains over 2%. Low temperature mobility can be increased by even larger factors. Second order terms in the deformation potential of the Gamma valley are found to be important Selleck BAY 57-1293 in this mobility enhancement. Although they are modified by shifts in the conduction band valleys, which are caused by carrier quantum confinement, these mobility enhancements persist in strained nanostructures down to sizes of 20 nm. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3590334]“
“Pseudoaneurysms, or arteriovenous fistulas, of the extracranial arterial system, particularly the facial artery, are rare. Its occurrence after reconstructive facial surgery

has been reported rarely in the literature. In this article we describe a rare case of pseudoaneurysm developing over 4 weeks after an uneventful Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy, sagittal split osteotomy, and advancement genioplasty. A 22-year-old man presented with a severe class III skeletal deformity, mandibular hyperplasia, and maxillary hypoplasia. The patient’s immediate postoperative course was uneventful for a 2-week period after surgery.

Then the patient, while at home, experienced C188-9 an accidental injury to his jaw and started to bleed from his left retromandibular side. He was taken to a local hospital where his bleeding was controlled by topical coagulant and pressure. During this short hospital visit he was given 3 units of blood and was subsequently discharged. He had no further bleeding and was monitored on a regular basis. One month after his double jaw surgery and 2 weeks after his bleeding episode, the left facial swelling diminished in size but was still visible. This mass was soft and pulsatile with a palpable thrill and auditory machinery murmur on auscultation. Although the patient was totally asymptomatic at this time, he was sent to the emergency room for a computerized tomography scan with 3-dimensional reconstruction. A Doppler ultrasound was also ordered. The ultrasound revealed the mass to be a pseudoaneurysm. Angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the left facial artery. Coil embolization of the left facial artery was performed with a Cordis Trufill complex coil.

This review intends to serve as a practical guide reflecting the current understanding of adverse transfusion

events, clinical features helpful for diagnosis, and recommended management strategies for typical scenarios. Severe and mild transfusion reactions are covered, with a focus on the distinguishing features of challenging clinical dilemmas. Topics include pulmonary complications of transfusion, hemolytic reactions, allergic and anaphylactic reactions, septic reactions, and febrile responses to transfusion. We also discuss a consultative approach to evaluation and reporting of transfusion reactions.”
“Background: Adenosine cardiovascular magnetic C59 Wnt inhibitor resonance (CMR) can accurately quantify myocardial perfusion reserve. While regadenoson is increasingly employed due to ease of use, imaging protocols

have not been standardized. We sought to determine the optimal regadenoson CMR protocol for quantifying myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRi) – more specifically, whether regadenoson stress imaging should be performed before or after rest imaging.

Methods: Twenty healthy subjects underwent CMR perfusion imaging during resting conditions, during regadenoson-induced hyperemia (0.4 mg), and after 15 min of recovery. In 10/20 subjects, recovery was facilitated Tariquidar order with aminophylline (125 mg). Myocardial time-intensity curves were used to obtain left ventricular cavity-normalized myocardial up-slopes. MPRi was calculated in two different ways: as the up-slope ratio of stress to rest (MPRi-rest), and the up-slope ratio of stress to recovery (MPRi-recov).

Results: In all 20 subjects, MPRi-rest was 1.78 +/- 0.60. Recovery up-slope did not return to resting levels, regardless of aminophylline use. Among patients not receiving aminophylline, MPRi-recov was 36 +/- 16% lower than MPRi-rest (1.13 +/- 0.38 vs. 1.82 +/- 0.73, P = 0.001).

In the 10 patients whose recovery was facilitated with aminophylline, MPRi-recov was 20 +/- 24% lower than MPRi-rest (1.40 +/- 0.35 vs. 1.73 +/- 0.43, P = 0.04), indicating incomplete reversal. In 3 subjects not receiving aminophylline and 4 subjects receiving aminophylline, up-slope at recovery was greater JAK 抑制剂 than at stress, suggesting delayed maximal hyperemia.

Conclusions: MPRi measurements from regadenoson CMR are underestimated if recovery perfusion is used as a substitute for resting perfusion, even when recovery is facilitated with aminophylline. True resting images should be used to allow accurate MPRi quantification. The delayed maximal hyperemia observed in some subjects deserves further study.”
“Objective: Growing evidence has shown an association between obesity and asthma. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine, is known to have anti-inflammatory effects with reduced concentrations in obese subjects. Recent findings raised the intriguing possibility that adiponectin might play a role in allergic inflammation, although the mechanistic basis for their relationship remains unclear.

The placenta of an 8-month-old child diagnosed with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency reportedly showed MFI, but no further evidence of a direct association between MFI/MPVFD and LCHAD deficiency has

been documented. Three cases of MFI/MPVFD were studied. Paraffin blocks of placental tissue were retrieved, tissue scrolls were harvested, and DNA was extracted. The alpha-subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein containing the LCHAD coding region (HADHA) was subsequently Angiogenesis inhibitor amplified using specific primer sets and directly sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method. All 3 placentas demonstrated heterozygous mutations in the HADHA gene. A sample from a 25-4/7 week gestation growth-restricted female infant revealed a heterozygous mutation in exon 11, 1072C>A (glutamine to lysine, Qln358Lys) with a heterozygous sequence difference in the intron following exon 6 (insertion of a T at position +9, +9insT). The 2nd sample from a 32-4/7 week gestation stillborn fetus revealed a heterozygous mutation (+3A>G after exon 3) and a clear homozygous sequence difference in exon 17. The 3rd sample from a 31 weeks gestation infant

revealed heterozygosity for VRT 826809 the+3A>G mutation after exon 3. All 3 placentas with MFI/MPVFD demonstrated heterozygous mutations in the HADHA gene, and 2 of the 3 placentas had 2 DNA changes. Given a background incidence of heterozygosity for LCHAD mutations of approximately 1 in 220, these findings lend support to the hypothesis that LCHAD mutations may be directly associated with and potentially causative of MFI/MPVFD.”
“Analytical approximations for space-charge-limited currents (SCLCs) in systems with exponential or Gaussian trap distributions were widely used in analyzing organic diodes. The current follows a power law with a transition into the trap-free SCLC at high voltages and an Ohmic low voltage limit. The power coefficient gamma is connected with either

the decay constant or the variance of MEK phosphorylation the distributions. Within these formulations, it is not possible to check the relevance of the numerous approximations needed to derive them. This concerns especially the relations of the contact work functions and of the layer thickness with the trap concentration, the position of the center of the trap distribution and its maximum value. Application of the analytical approximations to results of full numerical simulations allows one to set limits for the parameter ranges in which the approximations can be applied. In the case of the exponential distribution the analytical approximation is rather good for high trap concentrations and thicker layers. However, the simulations reveal a number of additional peculiarities.

“
“Background and aims: A significant fraction of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is not sufficiently controlled with conventional therapy or suffers from therapy related side

effects. Anthocyanins, highly abundant in bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus), were shown to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of bilberries in active UC.

Methods: In an open pilot trial with a total follow-up of 9 weeks the effect of a daily standardized anthocyanin-rich bilberry preparation was tested in 13 patients https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sbe-b-cd.html with mild to moderate UC. Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic and histologic parameters were assessed.

Results: At the end of the 6 week treatment interval 63.4% of patients achieved remission, the primary endpoint, while 90.9% of patients

showed a response. In all patients a decrease in total Mayo score was detected (mean: 6.5 and 3.6 at screening and week 7, respectively; p<0.001). Fecal calprotectin levels significantly decreased during the treatment phase (baseline: mean 778 mu g/g, range 192-1790 mu g/g; end of treatment: mean ERK inhibitor library 305 mu g/g, range <30-1586 mu g/g; p = 0.049), including 4 patients achieving undetectable levels at end of treatment. A decrease in endoscopic Mayo score and histologic Riley index confirmed the beneficial effect. However, an increase of calprotectin levels and disease activity was observed after cessation of bilberry intake. No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusions: This is the first report on the promising therapeutic potential of a standardized anthocyanin-rich bilberry preparation in UC in humans. These results clearly indicate a therapeutic potential of bilberries in UC. Further studies on mechanisms and randomized clinical trials are warranted.. (c) 2012 European

Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Objective-To evaluate clinical features and outcome of dogs with a confirmed spinal cord nephroblastoma and to describe the use of Wilms tumor-1 (WT-1) immunohistochemical staining to confirm a diagnosis of nephroblastoma in dogs.

Design-Retrospective case series.

Animals-11 dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma.

Procedures-Medical records of dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma this website were reviewed. Information extracted included signalment, history, clinical signs, results of diagnostic testing, tumor location, treatment, and outcome. The diagnosis was confirmed through histologic review and WT-1 immunohistochemical staining of a tumor sample. In dogs with negative results for staining with WT-1, staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, and glial fibrillar acidic protein was performed.

Results-11 dogs had a spinal cord tumor with a histologic appearance and immunohistochemical staining consistent with a nephroblastoma.