If the infestation extent, dispersal capacity, seed bank longevity and economic discount rate are specified, the general results presented here can be used to assess whether containment can outperform eradication, and under what conditions it would provide a valid fallback to a breached eradication programme. Weed management plans must apply a consistent definition of containment and provide sufficient implementation detail to assess its feasibility. If the infestation extent, dispersal capacity, seed bank longevity and economic discount rate are specified, the general results presented here can learn more be used to assess whether containment can outperform eradication, and under what conditions it

would provide a valid fallback to a breached eradication programme.”
“Vasonatrin peptide (VNP), a novel manmade natriuretic peptide, is known as a cardiovascular

active substance. However, its neuroeffects are largely unknown. Here, cultured dopaminergic neurons from ventral mesencephalon of mouse were exposed to N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), and the effects of VNP on the neurotoxicity of MPP+ were investigated. As a result, MPP+ caused injuries in the dopaminergic neurons. VNP significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of MPP+ by increasing axon number and length of dopaminergic neurons, and by enhancing the cell viability. Also, the MPP+-induced depolymerization of beta-Tubulin III was attenuated by the treatment of VNP. In addition, VNP significantly increased the intracellular levels of cGMP. These effects of

VNP were mimicked by 8-br-cGMP (a cell-permeable MDV3100 molecular weight analog of cGMP), whereas inhibited by HS-142-1 (the antagonist of the particulate guanylyl cyclase-coupled natriuretic peptide receptors), or KT-5823 (a cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor). Taken together, VNP attenuates the neurotoxicity of MPP+ via guanylyl cyclase-coupled NPR/cGMP/PKG pathway, indicating that VNP might be a new effective reagent in the treatment of neuron degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD). (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives This study sought to test the hypothesis that colchicine treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can lead to a decrease in in-stent restenosis (ISR).\n\nBackground ISR rates are particularly high in certain patient check details subsets, including diabetic patients, especially when a bare-metal stent (BMS) is used. Pharmacological interventions to decrease ISR could be of clinical relevance.\n\nMethods Diabetic patients with contraindication to a drug-eluting stent, undergoing PCI with a BMS, were randomized to receive colchicine 0.5 mg twice daily or placebo for 6 months. Restenosis and neointima formation were studied with angiography and intravascular ultrasound 6 months after the index PCI.\n\nResults A total of 196 patients (63.6 +/- 7.0 years of age, 128 male) were available for analysis.

“
“Selective attention is the mechanism that allows focusing one’s attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, for instance, on a single conversation in a noisy room. Attending to one sound source rather than another changes activity in the

human auditory cortex, but it is unclear whether attention to different acoustic features, such as voice pitch and speaker location, modulates subcortical activity. Studies using a dichotic listening paradigm indicated that auditory brainstem processing may be modulated by the direction of attention. We investigated whether endogenous selective BTK inhibitors high throughput screening attention to one of two speech signals affects amplitude and phase locking in auditory brainstem responses when the signals were either discriminable by frequency content alone, or by frequency content and spatial location. Frequency-following responses to the speech sounds were significantly modulated in both conditions. The modulation was specific to the task-relevant frequency band. The effect was stronger when both frequency and spatial information were available. Patterns of response were variable between participants, and were correlated with psychophysical

discriminability of the stimuli, suggesting that the modulation was biologically relevant. Our results demonstrate that auditory brainstem responses are susceptible to efferent modulation related to behavioral goals. Furthermore they suggest that mechanisms of selective attention actively shape activity at early SB203580 cost subcortical processing stages according to task relevance and based on frequency and Ferroptosis inhibitor spatial cues.”
“The combination of oblimersen, a bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide, and dacarbazine lead to superior progression-free survival in advanced melanoma patients. Albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) has single-agent activity in melanoma.\n\nIn a phase I trial, chemotherapy-na < ve patients with

metastatic melanoma and normal LDH levels were enrolled on 3 cohorts. The treatment regimen consisted of 56-day cycles of oblimersen (7 mg/kg/day continuous IV infusion on day 1-7 and 22-28 in cohort 1 and 2; 900 mg fixed dose, twice weekly in weeks 1-2, 4-5 for cohort 3), temozolomide (75 mg/m(2), days 1-42), and nab-paclitaxel (175 mg/m(2) in cohort 1 and 3, 260 mg/m(2) in cohort 2 on day 7 and 28). Apoptosis markers were tested in pre- and post-treatment specimens of a subset of patients.\n\nSix grade 3 events (neutropenia, renal insufficiency, hyponatremia, elevated creatinine, allergic reaction, and neuropathy) and 2 grade 4 events (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) were seen in 32 patients. The objective response rate was 40.6 % (2 complete responses and 11 partial responses) and 11 patients had stable disease, for a disease control rate of 75 %.

\n\nThirty healthy male subjects [age 30 +/- 1 years (mean

+/- s.e.), body mass index 24.2 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2)] in a randomized crossover study received 10 IU subcutaneous regular human insulin (SCIns) selleck inhibitor and 6.5 mg of RHIIP [187 IU, Cyclohaler (TM) dry powder inhaler (DPI)] under euglycaemic glucose clamp conditions. Subjects were trained to inhale RHIIP with a flow rate of 90 +/- 30 l/min prior to dosing.\n\nInhalation of RHIIP was well tolerated with no episode of cough or shortness of breath. RHIIP showed a faster onset of action than SCIns [time to reach 10% of total area under the glucose infusion rate (GIR) curves 73 +/- 2 vs. 95 +/- 3 min, time to maximal metabolic effect (T(max)GIR) 173 +/- 13 vs. 218 +/- 9 min, both p < 0.0001]. Duration of action (371 +/- 11 vs. 366 +/- 7 min) and total metabolic effect (AUCGIR0-10 h 2734 +/- 274 vs. 2482 +/- 155 mg/kg) were comparable. PK results were in accordance with the PD findings. Relative bioavailability (BA)

of RHIIP was 12 +/- 2%, and relative biopotency (BP) was 6 +/- 1%.\n\nPROMAXX technology allowed for safe and efficacious administration of RHIIP to the deep lung with an off-the-shelf DPI. RHIIP showed a fast onset of action and BA/BP comparable to that reported for other inhaled insulin formulations using specifically designed inhalers. Improvements in the insulin delivery technique might allow to optimize drug application in all cases with even higher FHPI BA/BP with RHIIP.”
“The medial prefrontal cortex (MFC) is critical for our ability to learn from previous mistakes. Selleck Emricasan Here we provide evidence that neurophysiological oscillatory long-range synchrony is a mechanism of post-error adaptation that occurs even without conscious awareness of the error. During a visually signaled Go/No-Go task in which half of the No-Go cues were masked and thus not consciously perceived, response errors enhanced tonic (i.e., over 1-2 s) oscillatory synchrony between MFC and occipital cortex (OCC) leading up to and during the subsequent trial. Spectral Granger causality analyses

demonstrated that MFC -> OCC directional synchrony was enhanced during trials following both conscious and unconscious errors, whereas transient stimulus-induced occipital -> MFC directional synchrony was independent of errors in the previous trial. Further, the strength of pre-trial MFC-occipital synchrony predicted individual differences in task performance. Together, these findings suggest that synchronous neurophysiological oscillations are a plausible mechanism of MFC-driven cognitive control that is independent of conscious awareness.”
“Background: Neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), correlates with permanent neurological dysfunction. Current MS therapies have limited the ability to prevent neuronal damage.

\n\nMethods: A cross-sectional researcher developed survey, interviews and secondary data analysis were utilized for data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics were generated. Fisher’s exact test determined statistically significant differences between groups. Qualitative data

were analyzed using a framework analysis.\n\nResults: All students attending the MMEP 2007-2010 (n=67) and faculty (n=11) were invited to participate; 48% students and 91% faculty responded. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrated positive perspectives regarding all three aspects of our enquiry. Nevertheless, needed improvements were identified in the areas of availability of human and physical resources, Z-IETD-FMK feedback and aspects of the research experience.\n\nConclusions: Impact on quality of health professions education in the Kingdom and participant educational leadership development are particularly selleckchem important social responsiveness features

of the program. Refinement of the evaluation instrument and WFME standards to ensure clarity and relevance to local contexts as well as a future expected imperative to move beyond social responsiveness to social accountability in health professions education, are future challenges discussed.”
“By employing Lyapunov functional theory as well as linear matrix inequalities, ultimate boundedness of stochastic Hopfield neural networks (HNN) with time-varying delays is investigated. Sufficient criteria on ultimate boundedness of stochastic HNN are firstly obtained, which fills up a gap and includes deterministic systems as our special case. Finally, numerical

simulations are presented to illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of our theoretical results. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“A Ulixertinib major concern with regard to glioma treatment arises from the fact that high-grade gliomas are insensitive to the majority of anticancer therapies. The aim of the present study was to investigate anti-proliferation potential of the BH3-mimetic gossypol in four glioma cells with different BRAF mutation status. Gossypol induced similar levels of growth inhibition in all glioma cell lines regardless of the BRAF mutation status. Glioma cells were found to be resistant to gossypol-mediated apoptosis; gossypol caused only a weak increase in the number of G(2)/M cells. However, gossypol treatment of glioma cells resulted in the progressive emergence of autophagic cells.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was able to detect vascular changes induced by hyperadrenocorticism. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether reference ranges

for clinically normal dogs and dogs with PDH can be determined and applied in clinical settings. (Am J Vet Res 2013;74:417-425)”
“The band structure and sound attenuation of the triply periodic co-continuous composite materials with simple cubic lattice, body-centered cubic lattice, and face-centered cubic lattice consisting of PMMA and air are investigated using finite element method. Complete band gaps are found in these structures and the width of band gaps is depending on volume fraction. It is shown that www.selleckchem.com/products/smoothened-agonist-sag-hcl.html the width of band gaps along different

directions in the first irreducible Brillouin zone enlarges as the volume fraction increases from 0.2 to 0.7. The largest complete band gap widths of the three types of co-continuous structures are 0.29, 0.54, and 0.55, respectively. As the complete band gaps appear in audible range of frequencies, these triply periodic co-continuous composite materials can be utilized to control noise. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.”
“Objective: To determine the current level of sensitization in healthy school children in Kuwait\n\nDesign: Prospective cross-sectional study\n\nSetting: Al-Rashid Allergy Center, Kuwait\n\nSubjects: Healthy school-children between the ages of 8-15 years\n\nIntervention: Skin prick test (SPT) and measurement of serum specific IgE levels\n\nMain Outcome Measures: Skin wheal diameter (> 3 mm) and IgE levels (> 0.35 KIU/l)\n\nResults: ACY-738 inhibitor 47% of children showed positive specific IgE levels and Bak apoptosis 38% showed a positive SPT to at least one allergen. Polysensitization was common in the population (IgE 32%, SPT 20%). One in three (31%) children showed sensitization to Bermuda Grass (IgE); around one in five showed sensitization

to Prosopis juliflora tree (20% IgE); grass mix (19% SPT); to cockroach (18% IgE, 12% SPT) and just slightly less to cat (15% IgE and SPT). One in 10 healthy children were sensitized to dog (11% IgE, 10% SPT); few to house dust mite (D pteronyssinus) (IgE 8%, SPT 4%); ascaris (IgE 7%). The lowest rates of sensitization were to Alternaria alternata (IgE 4%, SPT 2%); aspergillus (SPT 4%); and cladosporium (SPT 2%). Frequent, severe sensitization (Classes 3 – 6 for specific IgE) was found for Bermuda Grass (16%), prosopis tree (6%) and cat allergen (5%).\n\nConclusion: Kuwait may be an example of conflict between two aspects of public health endeavour in a desert environment. Practices that make the desert habitable, viz, aforestation and air-conditioning may be the same ones that encourage exposure to allergens, allergic sensitization and allergic disease.”
“BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) is not only a key regulator of inflammatory response but also an important pain modulator.

In this model the equator plane stays between the upper and lower jaw in the chewing surface. Thus, the upper jaw

remains in the upper hemisphere and the lower jaw in the lower hemisphere. The 0 degrees mark is rostral on the equator and is the description for a straight rostrocaudal radiographic direction. https://www.selleckchem.com/PD-1-PD-L1.html The first geographic coordinate describes the deviation from straight rostral in the horizontal equator level between 0 degrees and 180 degrees. The laterolateral direction has a 90 degrees deviation from rostral and is given the coordinate 90 degrees (no matter if the direction is right to left or left to right). The second geographic coordinate describes the angle of the BKM120 price x-ray beam towards the horizontal equator level. If the x-ray beam comes from dorsal, the numbers are positive between +1 degrees and +90 degrees. If the x-ray beam comes from ventral, the numbers are negative between -1 degrees and -90 degrees. In radiographs of the cheek teeth or structures of the head, the side with contact to the cassette is labeled right or left.”
“Objective: To date no diagnostic tool is yet available to objectively assess the in vivo biomechanical properties of the uterine cervix during gestation.\n\nMethods: We show the first clinical application of an aspiration device to assess the

in vivo biomechanical properties of the cervix in pregnancy with the aim to describe the physiological biomechanical changes throughout gestation in order to eventually detect pregnant women at risk for cervical insufficiency (CI).\n\nResults: Out of 15 aspiration measurements, 12 produced valid results. The stiffness values were in the range between 0.013 and 0.068 bar/mm. The results showed a good reproducibility of the aspiration test. In our previous test series on non-pregnant cervices our repetitive measurements showed a standard deviation of > 20% compared to <+/- 10% to our data on pregnant cervices. Stiffness values are decreasing with gestational age which indicates a progressive softening of cervical tissue towards the end of

HM781-36B pregnancy. Three pregnant women had two subsequent measurements within a time interval of four weeks. Decreasing stiffness values in the range of 20% were recorded.\n\nDiscussion: This preliminary study on the clinical practicability of aspiration tests showed promising results in terms of reproducibility (reliability) and clinical use (feasibility). Ongoing studies will provide further insights on its usefulness in clinical practice and in the detection of substantial changes of the cervix in pregnancy indicative for threatened preterm birth or cervical insufficiency. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation is rapidly expanding in China and elsewhere worldwide.

The theory takes into account long-range intersite CA4P correlations making use of an incremental cluster expansion in the medium. A generalized self-consistent coherent potential

is derived. It yields the momentum-dependent excitation spectra with high resolution. Numerical studies for the Hubbard model on a simple Cubic lattice at half filling show that the theory is applicable in a wide range of Coulomb interaction strength. In particular, it is found that the long-range antiferromagnetic correlations in the strong interaction regime cause shadow bands in the low-energy region and sub-peaks of the Mott-Hubbard bands.”
“BACKGROUND: High levels of free fatty acids (FFA) have been suggested to be one of the underlying mechanisms for adipose tissue

(AT) inflammation and dysfunction in obesity. Human AT produces several adipokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-mediated inflammation. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a panel of dietary FFA on MCP-1 gene and protein expression in adipocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, we investigated whether the effect of LPS and FFA GSK J4 research buy were mediated through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). METHODS: 3T3-L1 adipocytes and THP-1 macrophages were incubated for 24 h with the following FFA: monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid), saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid) and trans fatty acid (elaidic acid; 500 mu M) with and without LPS (2 ng ml(-1)), and MCP-1 and TLR4 mRNA expression and MCP-1 protein secretion was determined. RESULTS: The results showed that LPS significantly increased MCP-1 and TLR4 expression and MCP-1 secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and that the MCP-1 expression was blocked by a TLR4 inhibitor (CLI095). this website The effects of the various FFA on MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein secretion in the adipocytes showed no significant changes either alone or in combination with LPS. In macrophages, palmitic acid increased MCP-1 mRNA expression by

1.8-fold (P smaller than 0.05), but oleic acid and elaidic acid had no effects. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, in 3T3-L1 adipocyte, the TLR4-agonist, LPS, stimulates the proinflammatory chemokine MCP-1. The different classes of FFA did not induce MCP-1 mRNA expression or protein secretion in the adipocytes, but the saturated FFA, palmitic acid, induced MCP-1 mRNA expression in macrophages, possibly because of the higher expression level of TLR4 in the macrophages than the adipocytes. Our results indicate that FFA may induce AT inflammation through proinflammatory stimulation of macrophages.”
“Purpose: To evaluate the two-year follow-up of patients with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who received intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) as adjunctive treatment. Materials and methods: We conducted a longitudinal follow-up study of premature infants who received 0.

“
“Pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) are present in species such as cattle, sheep and horse and promote acute lung inflammation (ALI). Rabbits are often used as a model of ALI but there is controversy about the presence of PIMs in these species. Rabbits were treated with 10 mg/kg of gadolinium chloride intravenously

(GC; n = 6) or saline (n = 6) followed by euthanasia at 48 h post-treatment to determine the presence of PIMs. In a subsequent study, rabbits were pre-treated with GC or 0.9 % saline followed by 100 mu g/kg of E. coli lipopolysaccharide intravenously 48 h later. Rabbits were euthanized 24 h post-LPS treatment. Light and electron microscopy showed that PIMs attached to the capillary endothelium and were positive AZD0530 Angiogenesis inhibitor for RAM-11 anti-macrophage selleck compound antibody. While GC treatment induced apoptotic PIMs, there was no difference in the PIM number between control

and GC-treated rabbits. Rabbits administered with LPS were 3.5 times more likely to die before the end of the 24-h period than those pre-treated with GC. Lung heterophil accumulation and IL-1 beta, TNF alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression were significantly higher in rabbits administered with LPS compared to those administered with GC before the LPS injection. PIMs from the LPS-treated rabbits were positive for TNF alpha. Lung, BAL and serum IL-8 and MCP-1 expression was not different between LPS rabbits with or without pre-treatment with GC. We conclude that rabbit lungs contain PIMs and that their depletion reduces endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. The presence of PIMs in rabbit lungs may need to be considered while using rabbit to model acute lung injury.”
“Attractive petals are an integral component of animal-pollinated

flowers and in many flowering plant species are restricted to the second floral whorl. Interestingly, multiple times during angiosperm evolution, petaloid characteristics LY3039478 ic50 have expanded to adjacent floral whorls or to extra-floral organs. Here, we investigate developmental characteristics of petaloid sepals in Rhodochiton atrosanguineum, a close relative of the model species Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon). We undertook this in two ways, first using scanning electron microscopy we investigate the micromorphology of petals and sepals, followed by expression studies of genes usually responsible for the formation of petaloid structures. From our data, we conclude that R. atrosanguineum petaloid sepals lack micromorphological characteristics of petals and that petaloid sepals did not evolve through regulatory evolution of B-class MADS box genes, which have been shown to specify second whorl petal identity in a number of model flowering plant species including snapdragon. These data, in conjunction with other studies, suggests multiple convergent pathways for the evolution of showy sepals.

Few faculty reported overt discrimination; however, more women than men perceived gender discrimination in promotion, salary, space/resources,

access to administrative staff, and graduate student/fellow assignment.\n\nConclusions\n\nWork-life and family-life factors served as obstacles to satisfaction and retention of the women faculty studied. Many of these factors reflect challenges attributable to subtle gender bias and the intersection of work and family life. The authors provide examples showing that BKM120 in vivo medical schools can implement policy changes that support faculty who must balance work and family responsibilities. Identification and elimination of gender bias in areas such as promotion, salary, and resource allocation is essential. Acad Med. 2009; 84:87-94.”
“Background: recently, there has been a shift towards

alternative childbirth services to increase access to skilled care during childbirth. Objective: this study aims to assess Rapamycin concentration the past 10 years of experience of the first Safe Delivery Posts (SDPs) established in Zahedan, Iran to determine the number of deliveries and the intrapartum transfer rates, and to examine the reasons why women choose to give birth at a Safe Delivery Post and not in one of the four large hospitals in Zahedan. Design: a mixed-methods research strategy was used for this study. In the quantitative phase, an analysis was performed on the existing data that are routinely collected in the health-care sector. In the qualitative phase,

a grounded theory approach was used to collect and analyse narrative data from in-depth interviews with women who had given birth to their children at the Safe Delivery Posts. Setting: women were selected from two Safe Delivery Posts in Zahedan city in Caspase activation southeast Iran. Participants: nineteen mothers who had given birth in the Safe Delivery Posts were interviewed. Findings: during the 10-year period, 22,753 low-risk women gave birth in the Safe Delivery Posts, according to the records. Of all the women who were admitted to the Safe Delivery Posts, on average 2.1% were transferred to the hospital during labour or the postpartum period. Three key categories emerged from the analysis: barriers to hospital use, opposition to home birth and finally, reasons for choosing the childbirth care provided by the SDPs. Key conclusion and implications for practice: implementing a model of midwifery care that offers the benefits of modern medical care and meets the needs of the local population is feasible and sustainable. This model of care reduces the cost of giving birth and ensures equitable access to care among vulnerable groups in Zahedan. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

During the investigation, the benefit of using serology of H. pylori infection and serum pepsinogen I/II ratio of less than or equal to 3. instead of direct endoscopy. should also be considered for the selection of a high risk group of gastric cancer in Korea. Recently, appropriate screening and accurate diagnosis of early gastric cancer has become one Topoisomerase inhibitor of the most important issues.”
“The aim of this work was to determine PAs levels in pith tissues

and callus cultures from haploid and diploid tobacco plants, explanted from the apical and basal regions of the stem. These explants were cultured in an RM-64 medium supplied with IAA and kinetin, under light or in the dark, during successive subcultures. PAs levels followed a basipetal decrease in diploid and an increase in haploid, pith tissues. A similar

pattern of total PAs (free + conjugated) was observed for the callus of diploid and haploid plants maintained in the light, and for the haploid callus in the dark, whereas the diploid callus in the dark showed a constant increase in total PAs levels until the end of culture. The PA increase in the diploid callus in the dark was related to free Put levels increase. The ploidy status of the plants could express different PA gradients together with the plant pith and in vitro callus cultures.”
“Previous studies with small sample size have shown that cilostazol this website can reduce the risk of cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study was to determine whether cilostazol

is effective in patients with aneurysmal SAH. Studies investigating the effect of cilostazol in patients with aneurysmal SAH were identified using Embase.com without language or publication-type restrictions. We used the random-effect model to combine data. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Two randomized controlled trials and two quasi-randomized controlled trials with a total of 340 patients were included. The incidence of symptomatic vasospasm (RR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31-0.72; p smaller than 0.001), severe vasospasm (RR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28-0.82; p = 0.007), vasospasm-related new cerebral infarctions (RR = 0.38; 95% Selleck ACY-738 CI, 0.22-0.67; p = 0.001), and poor outcome (RR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37-0.88; p = 0.011) were significantly lower in the cilostazol group. The numbers needed to treat for these outcomes were 6.4, 6.3, 5.7, and 5.4, respectively. Mortality rate differences between the two groups were insignificant. No statistical heterogeneity was found for all outcomes. These results show that cilostazol can decrease the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm, severe vasospasm, vasospasm-related new cerebral infarctions, and poor outcome in patients with aneurysmal SAH. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“TiO2-based varistor ceramics doped with 0.25-1.